Furniture swivel and furniture including the same

ABSTRACT

A furniture swivel for rotatably coupling first and second furniture components is disclosed. The furniture swivel includes a base, a rotor, and a retainer. The base may have a lower end for connecting to a first furniture component and an upper end including a planar base bearing surface. The rotor may have an upper end having a first portion for connecting to a second furniture component, and a lower end including a planar rotor bearing surface in sliding contact with the base bearing surface to form a plane bearing absent rolling elements for supporting the rotor and the first furniture component on the base. The retainer may be coupled to the base for substantially inhibiting translation of the rotor relative to the base.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/669,850, filed Mar. 26, 2015 and entitled FURNITURE SWIVEL ANDFURNITURE INCLUDING THE SAME (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,574,704, which issuedon Feb. 21, 2017), the entire contents of which are hereby incorporatedby reference herein for all purposes.

FIELD

This disclosure relates to the field of rotatable couplings betweenfurniture components, and more particularly to furniture swivels andfurniture including the same.

INTRODUCTION

A furniture swivel is a swivel adapted for rotatably coupling furniturecomponents. For example, a chair may include a seat rotatably coupled tolegs by a furniture swivel to allow the seat to rotate relative to thelegs of the chair. Typically, a furniture swivel includes a rollerbearing with rolling elements which provide the rotary capability of theswivel. However, roller bearings can be complicated assemblies with manycomponent parts that can be expensive to manufacture and difficult tomaintain.

SUMMARY

In a first aspect, a furniture swivel for rotatably coupling first andsecond furniture components is provided. The furniture swivel mayinclude a base, a rotor, and a retainer. The base may have a base upperend opposite a base lower end. The base lower end may connect to a firstfurniture component and the base upper end may include a planar basebearing surface. The rotor may have a rotor upper end opposite a rotorlower end and the rotor upper end may have a first portion and a secondportion. The first portion may connect to a second furniture component.The rotor lower end may include a planar rotor bearing surface insliding contact with the base bearing surface to form a plane bearingabsent rolling elements for supporting the rotor and the first furniturecomponent on the base. The retainer may be coupled to the base. Theretainer may have a retainer upper end opposite a retainer lower end andan aperture through the retainer upper and lower ends. The first portionof the rotor upper end may extend through the aperture to above theretainer upper end. The retainer lower end may overlap the secondportion of the rotor upper end for substantially inhibiting translationof the rotor relative to the base.

In some embodiments, at least the base bearing surface and the rotorbearing surface may be made of plastic to form a plastic-on-plasticplane bearing.

In some embodiments, one or both of the base bearing surface and therotor bearing surface may have a surface grain which provides the planebearing with a Percent Contact Area of less than 80%.

In some embodiments, one or both of the base bearing surface and therotor bearing surface may have a surface grain which provides the planebearing with a Percent Contact Area of less than 65%.

In some embodiments, the surface roughness of one or both of the basebearing surface and the rotor bearing surface is formed by injectionmolding.

In some embodiments, the furniture swivel may further comprise lubricantbetween the base and rotor bearing surfaces.

In some embodiments, one or both of the base bearing surface and therotor bearing surface may be made of plastic impregnated with lubricant.

In some embodiments, the rotor may comprise a central portion and aflange. The flange may include the second portion of the rotor upper endand surround the central portion. The central portion may include thefirst portion of the rotor upper end and extending above the flange.

In some embodiments, the central portion of the rotor may extend throughthe aperture in the retainer. The retainer may further comprise a boreextending from the retainer lower end toward the retainer upper end, andthe flange may be received in the bore.

In some embodiments, the central portion, the flange, the aperture, andthe bore may be circular in cross-section.

In some embodiments, both of a diameter of the central portion and adiameter of the aperture may be less than both of a diameter of theflange and a diameter of bore, and axes of the central portion, theflange, the aperture, and the bore may be collinear.

In some embodiments, the retainer may form a seal with the base, theseal surrounding rotor.

In some embodiments, the retainer may be made of plastic, the base maybe made of plastic, the retainer may be fastened to the base by aplurality of mechanical fasteners, and the seal may be formed bycompliance of the retainer plastic and the base plastic where theretainer is pressed against the base.

In some embodiments, the base lower end may further comprise at leastone depression for seating an end of the first furniture component, andat least one aperture may be aligned with each depression for receivinga fastener.

In some embodiments, the first furniture component may be integrallyformed with the base.

In some embodiments, the second furniture component may be integrallyformed with the rotor.

According to another aspect, an article of furniture is provided. Thearticle of furniture may comprise first and second furniture components,and a furniture swivel for rotatably coupling the first furniturecomponent to the second furniture component whereby the second furniturecomponent can rotate about a vertical axis relative to the firstfurniture component. The furniture swivel may include a base having abase, a rotor, and a retainer. The base may include a base upper endopposite a base lower end. The base lower end may connect to the firstfurniture component, and the base upper end may include a planar basebearing surface. The rotor may have a rotor upper end opposite a rotorlower end. The rotor upper end may be connected to the second furniturecomponent. The rotor lower end may include a planar rotor bearingsurface in sliding contact with the base bearing surface to form a planebearing absent rolling elements for supporting the rotor and the secondfurniture component on the first furniture component. The retainer maybe coupled to the base and overlap at least a portion of the rotor upperend for inhibiting translation of the rotor relative to the base.

In some embodiments, the article is a chair. The second furniturecomponent may be a seat for supporting a user in a seated posture andthe first furniture component may be a support for supporting the seaton a horizontal surface.

In another aspect, a turntable is provided. The turntable may comprise atabletop and a furniture swivel for rotatably supporting the tabletop ona horizontal surface whereby the tabletop can rotate about a verticalaxis relative to the horizontal surface. The furniture swivel mayinclude a base, a rotor, and a retainer. The base may have a base upperend opposite a base lower end, the base lower end for resting on thehorizontal surface. The base upper end may include a planar base bearingsurface. The rotor may have a rotor upper end opposite a rotor lowerend. The rotor upper end may be connected to the tabletop. The rotorlower end may include a planar rotor bearing surface in sliding contactwith the base bearing surface to form a plane bearing absent rollingelements for supporting the rotor and the tabletop on the horizontalsurface. The retainer may be coupled to the base and overlapping atleast a portion of the rotor upper end for inhibiting translation of therotor relative to the base.

In some embodiments, a width of the tabletop may be greater than a widthof the furniture swivel, and the furniture swivel may be entirelypositioned beneath the tabletop.

DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a chair including a furniture swivel inaccordance with at least one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is an exploded side elevation view of the furniture swivel ofFIG. 1 including a base, rotor, and retainer;

FIGS. 3A and 3B are top and bottom perspective views, respectively, ofthe base of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are top and bottom perspective views, respectively, ofthe rotor of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are top and bottom perspective views, respectively, ofthe retainer of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a photograph of a surface grain;

FIG. 7A is a side view of a swivel rotor positioned on a swivel base;

FIG. 7B is an enlargement of region A in FIG. 7A;

FIG. 8A is a perspective view of a turntable positioned on a table;

FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8B-8B in FIG. 8A,with the turntable rotated against the section plane;

FIG. 9A is a perspective view of a table incorporating a turntable; and

FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 9B-9B in FIG. 9A,with the turntable rotated against the section plane.

DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS EMBODIMENTS

Numerous embodiments are described in this application, and arepresented for illustrative purposes only. The described embodiments arenot intended to be limiting in any sense. The invention is widelyapplicable to numerous embodiments, as is readily apparent from thedisclosure herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize that thepresent invention may be practiced with modification and alterationwithout departing from the teachings disclosed herein. Althoughparticular features of the present invention may be described withreference to one or more particular embodiments or figures, it should beunderstood that such features are not limited to usage in the one ormore particular embodiments or figures with reference to which they aredescribed.

The terms “an embodiment,” “embodiment,” “embodiments,” “theembodiment,” “the embodiments,” “one or more embodiments,” “someembodiments,” and “one embodiment” mean “one or more (but not all)embodiments of the present invention(s),” unless expressly specifiedotherwise.

The terms “including,” “comprising” and variations thereof mean“including but not limited to,” unless expressly specified otherwise. Alisting of items does not imply that any or all of the items aremutually exclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms “a,”“an” and “the” mean “one or more,” unless expressly specified otherwise.

As used herein and in the claims, two or more parts are said to be“coupled”, “connected”, “attached”, or “fastened” where the parts arejoined or operate together either directly or indirectly (i.e., throughone or more intermediate parts), so long as a link occurs. As usedherein and in the claims, two or more parts are said to be “directlycoupled”, “directly connected”, “directly attached”, or “directlyfastened” where the parts are connected directly in physical contactwith each other. As used herein, two or more parts are said to be“rigidly coupled”, “rigidly connected”, “rigidly attached”, or “rigidlyfastened” where the parts are coupled so as to move as one whilemaintaining a constant orientation relative to each other. None of theterms “coupled”, “connected”, “attached”, and “fastened” distinguish themanner in which two or more parts are joined together.

In accordance with various aspects, an article of furniture may becomposed of a plurality of furniture components and a furniture swivelfor rotatably coupling at least two of these furniture components. Thus,the furniture swivel allows the two furniture components to be rotatedwith respect to each other. Reference is first made to FIG. 1, whichshows an article of furniture (a chair) 100, having first furniturecomponents (legs) 104, a second furniture component (a seat) 108, and afurniture swivel 112 for rotatably coupling chair 100 to legs 104. Seat108 provides support for a user in a seated posture, and legs 104 are asupport for supporting the seat on a horizontal surface.

Chair 100 may include any seat known in the art for supporting a user ina seated posture. In the illustrated example, chair 100 includes abackrest 109 and armrests 110 connected to seat 108. In alternativeembodiments, chair 100 may be absent armrests 110 and/or backrest 109 asin a typical stool (another type of chair). Further, chair 100 mayinclude any suitable support for supporting seat 108 on a horizontalsurface (e.g. floor or ground surface). For example, chair 100 mayinclude four legs 104 as shown, or fewer or greater than four legs 104.In some embodiments, chair 100 may include a monolithic post as asupport connected to seat 108 in place of legs 104.

It will be appreciated that although furniture swivel 112 is describedas rotatably coupling a seat and support of a chair, in alternativeembodiments, furniture swivel 112 may rotatably couple any two furniturecomponents of an article of furniture, such as for example the tabletopand support of a table.

Additional reference is now made to FIG. 2, which shows furniture swivel112 in accordance with at least one embodiment. As exemplified,furniture swivel 112 includes a base 116, a rotor 120, and a retainer124. Base 116 may be fastened to legs 104, rotor 120 may be fastened toseat 108, and retainer 124 may hold rotor 120 in contact with base 116.Preferably, base 116 and rotor 120 interface at mutual contact surfaceswhich exhibit relatively low friction so that rotor 120 can rotate withrespect to base 116 about an axis 126 normal to the horizontal surface.Advantageously, furniture swivel 112 is absent any rolling elements(e.g. ball bearings or the like). Further, rotor 120 is preferablypositioned vertically above base 116 so that base 116 supports theweight of rotor 120 and chair 100.

Additional reference is now made to FIGS. 3A-3B, which show base 116 offurniture swivel 112 in accordance with at least one embodiment. Asexemplified, base 116 may include an upper end 128 opposite a lower end132. In some embodiments, base lower end 132 may be connected to legs104. It will be appreciated that legs 104 may be connected to base lowerend 132 in any suitable fashion, such as by mechanical fasteners (e.g.screws, rivets, nails, or press-fit dowels), adhesives (e.g. glue orepoxy), an interference fit, threads, or by integrally forming legs 104with base 116 for example. Preferably, legs 104 are rigidly connected tobase 116. In some embodiment, legs 104 are directly connected to base116. In the illustrated example, base 116 includes apertures 136 forreceiving mechanical fasteners 140 which hold upper end 144 of legs 104rigidly in contact with base lower end 132. Base lower end 132 may besubstantially planar, or contoured in any suitable fashion. Asexemplified, base lower end 132 may include depressions 148 for seatinglegs upper end 144. The illustrated example also shows that apertures136 may be aligned with depressions 148 for guiding fasteners into legs104.

In alternative embodiments, base lower end 132 may not includedepressions 148. In some alternative embodiments, legs 104 may beconnected to another portion of base 116, such as base upper end 128.

Still referring to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3A-3B, base upper end 128 may includea bearing surface 152 for supporting furniture swivel 112. Preferably,base bearing surface 152 is planar and provides sliding support forfurniture swivel 112 to permit furniture swivel 112 to move (e.g.rotate) when supported on base bearing surface 152. Base bearing surface152 may constitute the entire upper face of base upper end 128 or aportion thereof. For example, base upper end 128 may further include aconnecting portion 156, outside the base bearing surface 152, where base116 may be connected to retainer 124 as described in more detail below.As exemplified, the base connecting portion 156 may surround basebearing surface 152. Depending on the manner of connection between baseconnecting portion 156 and retainer 124, base connecting portion 156 mayinclude apertures 160 for fasteners 164 which join base 116 to retainer124.

Additional reference is now made to FIGS. 4A-4B, which show rotor 120 offurniture swivel 112 in accordance with at least one embodiment. Asexemplified, rotor 120 may include an upper end 168 opposite a lower end172. In some embodiments, rotor upper end 168 may be connected to seat108. It will be appreciated that seat 108 may be connected to rotorupper end 168 in any suitable fashion, such as by mechanical fasteners(e.g. screws, rivets, nails, or press-fit dowels), adhesives (e.g. glueor epoxy), an interference fit, threads, or by integrally forming rotor120 with seat 108 for example. Preferably, seat 108 is rigidly connectedto rotor 120. In some embodiments, seat 108 is directly connected torotor 120. In the illustrated example, rotor 120 includes apertures 176for receiving mechanical fasteners 180 which hold a lower end 184 ofseat 108 rigidly in contact with rotor upper end 168 of rotor 120.

Still referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 3A-3B, and 4A-4B, rotor lower end 172 mayinclude a rotor bearing surface 188. Preferably, rotor bearing surface188 is a planar surface which forms a plane bearing when in contact withbase bearing surface 152 for supporting rotor 120 and seat 108 on base116. This may permit furniture swivel 112 to rotatably couple furniturecomponents without rolling elements (e.g. ball bearings and the like).For example, rotor lower end 172 may be positioned atop base 116 withrotor lower end 172 facing base upper end 128, whereby rotor bearingsurface 188 makes sliding contact with base bearing surface 152.Preferably, retainer 124 holds rotor 120 and base 116 together. Forexample, retainer 124 may hold rotor 120 in contact with base 116 andsubstantially inhibit rotor 120 from translating relative to base 116.This may substantially constrain the sliding of rotor 120 on base 116 torotational movements. In turn, this may substantially inhibit rotorbearing surface 188 from sliding off of base bearing surface 152. Asused herein and in the claims, retainer 124 is said to “substantiallyinhibit” rotor 120 from translating relative to base 116 even wheremanufacturing tolerances permit minor translations (e.g. less than 1 mm)of rotor 120 relative to base 116.

Additional reference is now made to FIGS. 5A-5B, which show retainer 124of furniture swivel 112 in accordance with at least one embodiment. Asexemplified, retainer 124 may include an upper end 192 opposite a lowerend 196. In some embodiments, lower end 196 may be connected to base 116for retaining rotor 120 on base 116. As discussed above, retainer 124may be connected to base 116 in any suitable fashion, such as bymechanical fasteners (e.g. screws, rivets, nails, or press-fit dowels),adhesives (e.g. glue or epoxy), an interference fit, threads, or byintegrally forming base 116 with retainer 124, for example. Optionally,retainer 124 may be rigidly connected with base 116. In someembodiments, retainer 124 may be directly connected with base 116. Inthe illustrated example, retainer lower end 196 is held rigidly incontact with base connecting portion 156 of base upper end 144 byfasteners 164.

Still referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 3A-3B, 4A-4B, and 5A-5B, retainer 124 maybe shaped to surround at least a portion of rotor 120 when retainer 124is connected to base 116. In the illustrated example, rotor 120 ispositioned within the bounds of base bearing surface 152, and retainer124 is connected to base connecting portion 156 which surrounds basebearing surface 152. In one aspect, this may permit retainer 124 tosubstantially inhibit relative horizontal movements between rotor 120and base 116. In turn, this may substantially inhibit rotor 120 frommoving outside the bounds of base bearing surface 152, and maintain theplane bearing formed by rotor 120 with base 116.

Preferably, retainer 124 substantially inhibits vertical movement ofrotor 120 relative to base 116. In the illustrated example, retainer 124is fastened to base 116 in overlapping relation to rotor 120. Thus, atleast a portion of rotor 120 is positioned between retainer 124 and base116. Sandwiching rotor 120 between retainer 124 and base 116 againstrelative vertical displacement may prevent rotor 120 and base 116 frombecoming separated. Preferably, rotor bearing surface 188 is held incontact with base bearing surface 152. As used herein and in the claims,rotor bearing surface 188 is said to be held in contact with basebearing surface 152 even where manufacturing tolerances may permit minorrelative vertical movement (e.g. less than 1 mm) between the surfaces152 and 188.

Still referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 3A-3B, 4A-4B, and 5A-5B, rotor upper end168 may include a first portion 204 and a second portion 208. Asexemplified, first portion 204 may be connected to seat lower end 184,and second portion 208 may be overlapped by retainer 124. First andsecond portions 204 and 208 may be any two suitable different portionsof rotor upper end 168. In the illustrated embodiment, rotor 120comprises a central portion 212 including the upper end first portion204, and a flange 216 including the upper end second portion 208. Flange216 may surround central portion 212 and central portion 212 may extendabove flange 216.

Upper end first portion 204 may extend above retainer upper end 192 forconnecting upper end first portion 204 to seat 108. For example,retainer 124 may include an aperture 220 through retainer lower andupper ends 192 and 196 for providing a through passage for upper endfirst portion 204. As exemplified, rotor 120 central portion 212 mayextend upwardly through aperture 220 and connect with seat 108. In someembodiments, this may permit seat lower end 184 to be spaced apart fromretainer upper end 192 which may prevent frictional contact and wearthat such contact might create. In alternative embodiment, seat lowerend 184 may be in contact with retainer upper end 192.

Central portion 212 and aperture 220 may have any suitable sizes andshapes. Preferably, aperture 220 is sized to conform closely to theshape and size of central portion 212 as central portion 212 rotateswith rotor 120. In the illustrated embodiment, central portion 212 andaperture 220 have circular cross-sectional shapes, and aperture 220 isnominally larger than central portion 212 to avoid a press-fit thatmight unduly hinder relative rotation between rotor 120 and base 116.This may help to impede the entry of dirt and liquid into furnitureswivel 112 through the gap between central portion 212 and a peripheryof aperture 220. Optionally, a sealing member (e.g. an O-ring, notshown) may seal central portion 212 within aperture 220. For example,the sealing member may be positioned inside aperture 220 surroundingcentral portion 212.

Still referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 3A-3B, 4A-4B, and 5A-5B, retainer lowerend 196 may overlap second portion 208 of rotor upper end 168. In theillustrated embodiment, retainer lower end 196 includes an overlappingportion 224 and a connecting portion 228. Retainer overlapping portion224 may overlap second portion 208 of rotor upper end 168, and retainerconnecting portion 228 may be connected to base connecting portion 156of base upper end 128. Preferably, retainer overlapping portion 224 ispositioned outboard of retainer aperture 220, and retainer connectingportion 228 is outboard of overlapping portion 224. In the illustratedexample, retainer overlapping portion 224 surrounds retainer aperture220, and retainer connecting portion 228 surrounds retainer overlappingportion 224.

Second portion 208 of rotor upper end 168 and overlapping portion 224 ofretainer lower end 196 may have any suitable sizes, shapes, and surfaceprofiles. In the illustrated example, rotor second portion 208 formspart of an annular flange 216 which surrounds rotor central portion 212.As exemplified, rotor flange 216 may form a stepwise profile with rotorcentral portion 212, which may provide a flat, horizontal surface forsecond portion 208. In the illustrated example, retainer overlappingportion 224 is formed by a horizontal end wall of a bore 232 in retainerlower end 196. As shown, retainer bore 232 may extend from retainerlower end 196 vertically part-way toward retainer upper end 192.Retainer bore 232 may be sized to receive rotor flange 216 whereby rotorsecond portion 208 may be positioned face-to-face with retaineroverlapping portion 224.

In some embodiments, rotor second portion 208 and retainer overlappingportion 224 may be held in contact with each other. It will beappreciated that manufacturing tolerances may provide for a small gapbetween rotor second portion 208 and retainer overlapping portion 224.For example, rotor bore depth 236 may be equal to or slightly largerthan rotor flange thickness 240.

In some alternative embodiments, one or both of retainer overlappingportion 224 and rotor second portion 208 may be angled to horizontal.For example, rotor second portion 208 may form part of a sloped facewhich tapers from rotor lower end 172 toward rotor upper end 168.Similarly, retainer bore 232 may taper in width from retainer lower end196 toward retainer upper end 192. In some alternative embodiments, oneor both of retainer overlapping portion 224 and rotor second portion 208may have a contoured surface profile instead of having a flat surface asin the example shown.

Retainer aperture 220, retainer bore 232, rotor central portion 212, androtor flange 216 may have any suitable sizes and cross-sectional shapes.In the illustrated embodiment, retainer aperture 220, retainer bore 232,rotor central portion 212, and rotor flange 216 each have circularcross-sectional shapes. As shown, rotor central portion diameter 244 maybe less than retainer aperture diameter 248, rotor flange diameter 252may be less than retainer bore diameter 256, and retainer aperturediameter 248 may be less than retainer bore diameter 232. Further, theillustrated example shows that retainer aperture 220, retainer bore 232,rotor central portion 212, and rotor flange 216 may share a commoncentral axis 260.

In some embodiments, at least a portion of furniture swivel 112 may beinjection molded parts of plastic material. For example, at least aportion of one or more of base 116, rotor 120, and retainer 124 may be aplastic injection molded part. Preferably, base 116, rotor 120, andretainer 124 are made entirely of injection molded plastic. This maymake furniture swivel 112 highly corrosion resistant for use inproximity to salt water (e.g. in furniture for boats, docks, andcottages). This may also make furniture swivel 112 easy andcost-effective to manufacture. Some features of base 116, rotor 120,and/or retainer 124 may be formed by other processes after injectionmolding. For example, some apertures or bores may be drilled, and somefaces may be machined.

Base 116, rotor 120, and retainer 124 may be formed of any suitableplastic, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) for example.Preferably, the plastic material used is derived entirely from recycledplastic, and most preferably from post-consumer recycled plastic.Alternatively, the plastic material may be newly manufactured plastic.In some cases, the plastic material may include, in total, up to 10% ofpolypropylene, low-density polyethylene, re-grind (e.g. post-consumerpolyethylene, or post-industrial polyethylene), and combinationsthereof.

One or more additives may be incorporated into the plastic material. Insome embodiments, the plastic material may include pigment for coloringthe furniture swivel 112 (e.g. to match or compliment the furniturecomponent(s) rotatably coupled by furniture swivel 112). In someembodiments, the plastic material may include a blowing agent to assistwith the injection molding. In some embodiments, the plastic materialmay be impregnated with lubricant to reduce friction between rotor 120and base 116. Suitable lubricants for impregnation may include syntheticgrease (e.g. Mobil Mobilith SHC 460), or lithium grease.

Preferably, at least rotor bearing surface 188 and base bearing surface152 are made of plastic. More preferably, bearing surfaces 188 and 152are injection molded plastic surfaces. The remainder of rotor 120 andbase 116 may be made of any suitable material whether plastic or anothermaterial.

In some embodiments, injection molding may impart a surface grain (i.e.macroscopic surface texture) to bearing surfaces 188 and 152. Forexample, FIG. 6 shows a surface grain 190 that may be imparted tobearing surfaces 188 and 152. The surface grain of bearing surfaces 188and 152 may reduce the Percent Contact Area of the plane bearing formedby bearing surfaces 188 and 152. As used herein and in the claims,Percent Contact Area is calculated by formula (1):

$\begin{matrix}{{{Percentage}\mspace{14mu} {Contact}\mspace{14mu} {Area}} = {\frac{{Area}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {Physical}\mspace{14mu} {Contact}\mspace{14mu} ( {cm}^{2} )}{{Bulk}\mspace{14mu} {Plane}\mspace{14mu} {Bearing}\mspace{14mu} {Area}\mspace{14mu} ( {cm}^{2} )} \times 100\%}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

As used in formula (1), Bulk Plane Bearing Area is the bulk area ofoverlap between bearing surfaces 188 and 152 providing, in combination,a plane bearing. Area of Physical Contact is the sum total area ofphysical contact points between bearing surfaces 188 and 152 in theplane bearing.

FIG. 7A shows swivel rotor 120 positioned on swivel base 116. FIG. 7B isa partial enlargement of FIG. 7A to show bearing surfaces 188 and 152.In the illustrated example, base bearing surface 152 is smooth and rotorbearing surface 188 has surface grain 190. In alternative embodiments,both bearing surfaces 188 and 152 may have a surface grain 190, or justbase bearing surface 152 may have surface grain 190. As shown, the grain190 of bearing surface(s) 188 and/or 152 may cause bearing surfaces 188and 152 to make intermitted contact within the plane bearing area, thushaving a Percent Contact Area of less than 100%. In contrast, perfectlysmooth flat bearing surfaces 188 and 152 would make contiguous contactat every point in the plane bearing, and thus have a Percent ContactArea of 100%

A lower Percent Contact Area means less physical contact between bearingsurfaces 188 and 152, which in some cases may contribute to lowerfrictional resistance against rotation of rotor 120 on base 116.Preferably, the Percent Contact Area of the plane bearing of bearingsurfaces 188 and 152 is less than 80%, more preferably less than 65%,and most preferably less than 50%. In some embodiments, the PercentContact Area of the plane bearing of bearing surfaces 188 and 152 may be30-95%, more preferably 30-65%, and most preferably 30-50%. In theillustrated example of FIG. 7B, the Percentage Contact Area isapproximately 45%.

In some embodiments, a suitable lubricant may be applied between rotor120 and base 116. For example, lubricant may be applied to one or bothof bearing surfaces 188 and 152. Suitable lubricants may includesynthetic grease (e.g. Mobil Mobilith SHC 460), or lithium grease. Thelubricant may help to reduce friction between bearing surfaces 152 and188. When applied to bearing surfaces 152 or 188 having a surface grain190, the lubricant may be captured in recessed pockets 191 formed wherebearing surfaces 152 and 188 are spaced apart from each other. This mayhelp to contain the lubricant between bearing surfaces 152 and 188,which may reduce the frequency at which lubricant must be reappliedbetween bearing surfaces 152 and 188, or eliminate the need forlubricant reapplications altogether.

Referring again to FIGS. 1, 2, 3A-3B, 4A-4B, and 5A-5B, in someembodiments, retainer 124 may form a seal with base 116, the sealsurrounding at least a portion of rotor 120. For example, where retainer124 and base 116 are made of plastic and connected by mechanicalfasteners, base upper end 128 and retainer lower end 196 may deformunder pressure to form a substantially liquid-tight seal. In theillustrated embodiment, connecting portions 156 and 228 of base 116 andretainer 124 may be pressed together by fasteners 164 with sufficientcompressive force to cause the plastic material in connecting portions156 and 228 to comply, sealing connecting portions 156 and 228 together.This may help to prevent entry of dirt and liquid into furniture swivel112. This may also help to keep any lubricant that may be appliedbetween rotor 120 and base 116 from escaping.

In some embodiments, base 116 may be rested in contact with a horizontalsurface instead of being connected to a furniture component. Forexample, rotor 120 may be connected to a first furniture component, andbase 116 may be placed on a horizontal surface to permit the furniturecomponent to rotate relative to the horizontal surface (and base 116).

Reference is now made to FIGS. 8A and 8B which show a turntable 280 on atable 296 in accordance with at least one embodiment. As exemplified,turntable 280 may include furniture swivel 112 and tabletop 284.Tabletop 284 may be connected to rotor 120, and base lower end 132 maybe selectively rested on a horizontal surface (such as table 296, asshown) to permit tabletop 284 to rotate with respect to base 120 and thehorizontal surface (e.g. as in a lazy-susan) about axis 126 of rotationnormal to the horizontal surface. For example, base lower end 132 mayrest in contact with the horizontal surface, or base lower end 132 maybe connected to one or more supports (e.g. feet, legs, or a monolithicpost), which may support base lower end 132 for resting on thehorizontal surface.

Preferably, a width 288 of tabletop 284 is greater than a width 292 offurniture swivel 112. In some cases, this may permit tabletop 284 tohide furniture swivel 112 from view. In some embodiments, a skirt 298may be connected to tabletop 284 and extend downwardly to hide swivel112. In some embodiments, tabletop 284 may be transparent wherebyfurniture swivel 112 may be clearly visible.

Tabletop 284 may be connected to rotor 120 in any suitable fashion suchas by mechanical fasteners (e.g. screws, rivets, nails, or press-fitdowels), adhesives (e.g. glue or epoxy), an interference fit, threads,or by integrally forming tabletop 284 with rotor 120 for example.Tabletop 284 may be rigidly connected to rotor 120. In some embodiments,tabletop 284 is directly connected to rotor 120.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 9A and 9B. In some embodiments, turntable280 may be integrated into a tabletop 304 of a table 300. For example,tabletop 304 may include a tabletop opening 308, and turntable 280 maybe positioned in the tabletop opening 308. As exemplified, table 300 mayinclude supports 312 for carrying tabletop 304 and turntable 280 above asurface below (e.g. a floor or ground surface). Supports 312 may takeany suitable form. In the illustrated embodiment, supports 312 includelegs 316 and framing 320. As shown, legs 316 may be oriented (e.g.vertically) to contact the surface below, and framing 320 may extendtraversely (e.g. horizontally) to legs 316 to provide support fortabletop 304 and turntable 280 between legs 316. In the illustratedexample, tabletop 304 and base lower end 132 are connected to framing320 in a suitable manner (e.g. by mechanical fasteners (e.g. screws,rivets, nails, or press-fit dowels), adhesives (e.g. glue or epoxy), aninterference fit, threads, or by integrally forming with framing 320 forexample), and framing 320 is connected to legs 316.

Turntable tabletop 284 may be level, recessed, or protruding from tabletabletop 304. For example, tabletop 284 may extend above tabletop 304,or tabletop 284 may be recessed below tabletop 304. In the illustratedexample, tabletop 284 is substantially level with tabletop 304. Also, asshown, tabletop opening 308 and tabletop 284 may be circular in shape,and have substantially the same diameter (e.g. leaving only a smallclearance gap). This may permit tabletops 284 and 304 to form asubstantially continuous tabletop with a rotatable central portion.

While the above description provides examples of the embodiments, itwill be appreciated that some features and/or functions of the describedembodiments are susceptible to modification without departing from thespirit and principles of operation of the described embodiments.Accordingly, what has been described above has been intended to beillustrative of the invention and non-limiting and it will be understoodby persons skilled in the art that other variants and modifications maybe made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined inthe claims appended hereto. The scope of the claims should not belimited by the preferred embodiments and examples, but should be giventhe broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole.

1. A furniture swivel for rotatably coupling first and second furniturecomponents, the furniture swivel comprising: a base having a base upperend opposite a base lower end, the base lower end for connecting to afirst furniture component, the base upper end including a planar basebearing surface, a rotor having a rotor upper end opposite a rotor lowerend, the rotor upper end having a first portion and a second portion,the first portion for connecting to a second furniture component, therotor lower end including a planar rotor bearing surface in slidingcontact with the base bearing surface to form a plane bearing absentrolling elements for supporting the rotor and the first furniturecomponent on the base; and a retainer coupled to the base, the retainerhaving a retainer upper end opposite a retainer lower end and anaperture through the retainer upper and lower ends, the first portion ofthe rotor upper end extending through the aperture to above the retainerupper end, the retainer lower end overlapping the second portion of therotor upper end for substantially inhibiting translation of the rotorrelative to the base.
 2. The furniture swivel of claim 1, wherein atleast the base bearing surface and the rotor bearing surface are made ofplastic to form a plastic-on-plastic plane bearing.
 3. The furnitureswivel of claim 2, wherein one or both of the base bearing surface andthe rotor bearing surface has a surface grain which provides the planebearing with a Percent Contact Area of less than 80%.
 4. The furnitureswivel of claim 2, wherein one or both of the base bearing surface andthe rotor bearing surface has a surface grain which provides the planebearing with a Percent Contact Area of less than 65%.
 5. The furnitureswivel of claim 3, wherein the surface roughness of the one or both ofthe base bearing surface and the rotor bearing surface is formed byinjection molding.
 6. The furniture swivel of claim 3, furthercomprising lubricant between the base and rotor bearing surfaces.
 7. Thefurniture swivel of claim 2, wherein one or both of the base bearingsurface and the rotor bearing surface is made of plastic impregnatedwith lubricant.
 8. The furniture swivel of claim 1, wherein: the rotorcomprises a central portion and a flange, the flange including thesecond portion of the rotor upper end and surrounding the centralportion, the central portion including the first portion of the rotorupper end and extending above the flange.
 9. The furniture swivel ofclaim 8, wherein: the central portion of the rotor extends through theaperture in the retainer, the retainer further comprises a boreextending from the retainer lower end toward the retainer upper end, andthe flange is received in the bore.
 10. The furniture swivel of claim 9,wherein: the central portion, the flange, the aperture, and the bore arecircular in cross-section.
 11. The furniture swivel of claim 10,wherein: both of a diameter of the central portion and a diameter of theaperture are less than both of a diameter of the flange and a diameterof bore, and axes of the central portion, the flange, the aperture, andthe bore are collinear.
 12. The furniture swivel of claim 1, wherein:the retainer forms a seal with the base, the seal surrounding rotor. 13.The furniture swivel of claim 12, wherein: the retainer is made ofplastic, the base is made of plastic, the retainer is fastened to thebase by a plurality of mechanical fasteners, and the seal is formed bycompliance of the retainer plastic and the base plastic where theretainer is pressed against the base.
 14. The furniture swivel of claim1, wherein: the base lower end further comprises at least one depressionfor seating an end of the first furniture component, and at least oneaperture aligned with each depression for receiving a fastener.
 15. Thefurniture swivel of claim 1, wherein: the first furniture component isintegrally formed with the base.
 16. The furniture swivel of claim 1,wherein: the second furniture component is integrally formed with therotor.
 17. An article of furniture comprising: first and secondfurniture components; and a furniture swivel for rotatably coupling thefirst furniture component to the second furniture component whereby thesecond furniture component can rotate about a vertical axis relative tothe first furniture component, the furniture swivel including a basehaving a base upper end opposite a base lower end, the base lower endconnected to the first furniture component, the base upper end includinga planar base bearing surface, a rotor having a rotor upper end oppositea rotor lower end, the rotor upper end connected to the second furniturecomponent, the rotor lower end including a planar rotor bearing surfacein sliding contact with the base bearing surface to form a plane bearingabsent rolling elements for supporting the rotor and the secondfurniture component on the first furniture component; and a retainercoupled to the base and overlapping at least a portion of the rotorupper end for inhibiting translation of the rotor relative to the base.18. The article of furniture of claim 15, wherein: the article is achair; the second furniture component is a seat for supporting a user ina seated posture; and the first furniture component is a support forsupporting the seat on a horizontal surface.
 19. A turntable comprising:a tabletop; and a furniture swivel for rotatably supporting the tabletopon a horizontal surface whereby the tabletop can rotate about a verticalaxis relative to the horizontal surface, the furniture swivel includinga base having a base upper end opposite a base lower end, the base lowerend for resting on the horizontal surface, the base upper end includinga planar base bearing surface, a rotor having a rotor upper end oppositea rotor lower end, the rotor upper end connected to the tabletop, therotor lower end including a planar rotor bearing surface in slidingcontact with the base bearing surface to form a plane bearing absentrolling elements for supporting the rotor and the tabletop on thehorizontal surface; and a retainer coupled to the base and overlappingat least a portion of the rotor upper end for inhibiting translation ofthe rotor relative to the base.
 20. The turntable of claim 19, wherein awidth of the tabletop is greater than a width of the furniture swivel,and the furniture swivel is entirely positioned beneath the tabletop.